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The Powel House is a historic house museum located at 244 South 3rd Street, between Willings Alley and Spruce Street, in the Society Hill neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built in 1765 in the Georgian style,〔, p.46〕 and embellished by second owner Samuel Powel (1738–1793), it has been called "the finest Georgian row house in the city."〔 As with other houses of this type, the exterior facade was, but the interior was elaborately appointed.〔 ==History== The elegant brick city house was built for Charles Stedman, a merchant and shipmaster. Before he had the chance to live in it, Stedman fell into financial trouble – eventually winding up in debtors' prison.〔, p.28〕 The house was purchased for £3,150 on August 2, 1769 by Samuel Powel, who would become the last mayor of Philadelphia under British rule and the city's first mayor following independence. A Quaker who converted to Anglicanism, he supported the American Revolution and was dubbed the "Patriot Mayor."〔 The building is attributed to architect/builder Robert Smith.〔Historic marker on site〕 Powel and his wife Elizabeth (née Willing) lavishly redecorated, creating some of the most ornate interiors in the Colonies. The Rococo plastered ceilings are attributed to James Clow, and the architectural woodwork is attributed to carvers Hercules Courtnay and Martin Jugiez.〔(Powel House Room ), from Philadelphia Museum of Art.〕 The Powels entertained such notable guests as Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, and the Marquis de Lafayette. Following the 1781 victory at Yorktown, George and Martha Washington occupied the confiscated Governor John Penn house next door for several months,〔("Residence of Ex. Mayor Powell," ) from Historical Society of Pennsylvania.〕 and became close friends with the Powels. Philadelphia served as temporary national capital from 1790 to 1800, and President Washington occupied a house on Market Street for more than six years. Prior to moving in, he built a two-story, semicircular "Bow Window" addition to the south wall of the President's House, enlarging the State Dining Room and the State Drawing Room above it. This may have inspired the Powels to build the three-story half-turret addition to their city house. While its exterior was canted (like a bay window), the interior wall seems to have been bowed (curved),〔Historian David Dashiell discovered references to a "Bow room" in the Powel papers. He believes this to have been the 2nd floor rear parlor (the room now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art). See Edward Lawler, Jr. (2002), (''The President's House in Philadelphia''. )〕 enlarging the rear parlors on the first and second floors and the rear bedroom on the third,〔(Re-created 2nd floor rear parlor ), from Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The south wall (where the bookcase now stands) would have thrust out in a semicircular or semi-oval "Bow."〕 and adding windows overlooking the garden. The half-turret addition is visible in a 1799 print by William Birch and an 1817 print attributed to William Strickland.〔(Washington Hall, Philadelphia ), from New York Public Library.〕 Some time in the mid-19th century, the half-turret addition was demolished and the south wall of the Powel House became a party wall shared with a new building.〔Plate 7 of Heximer & Locher's ''Maps of the City of Philadelphia'' (1862) shows the new building occupying the 3rd Street frontage of the walled garden.()〕〔("Residence of Ex. Mayor Powell," ) from Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The Kennedy watercolor is undated, but part of a group painted circa 1870.〕 Samuel Powel died in the 1793 yellow fever epidemic that killed about 10% of the city's population. After President-Elect John Adams passed on buying them, Mrs. Powel bought a number of items from soon-to-be-ex-President Washington in early 1797.〔(Elizabeth Willing Powel ), from George Washington's Mount Vernon.〕 These included his presidential coach and horses (the coach is now at Mount Vernon),〔(Washington's coach ).〕〔"As the Coach would be lonesome without the horses– and the horses might repine for want of their Coach (having been wedded together Seven years) you had better take both." — George Washington to Elizabeth Powel, February 6, 1797.〕 his presidential desk (now at the Philadelphia History Museum),〔(Washington's presidential desk ), from Independence Hall Association.〕 and a pair of girandole mirrors (now at Mount Vernon). Elizabeth Willing Powel lived in the house until her death in 1830, when it was inherited by her nephew, John Hare Powel. The Marquis de Lafayette gave the Powels a set of china that is on display in the Powel House.〔(Lafayette China ), from History Detectives.〕 A 1793 portrait of Mrs. Powel by Matthew Pratt is on long-term loan from the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.〔(Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel (1793) by Matthew Pratt ), from Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Powel House」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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